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NEXT PAGE Economic, Political and Social Development, levels of of Government. A) Base 2 levels with Family units with a chief; B) City-State, for fortified city, Village or Town with 3 bureaucratic levels; a King and court over family units and chiefs, C) Kingdom, 4 bureaucratic levels King, higher nobility, lords, and family chief structure. D) 5 levels, Empires, and E) 6 levels Empires
A PROGRESSION OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHIES © Dec 1992 i. II. L. Lawler
A 5200 BC 1 level City leader tyrant of local agrarian area - autocracy propped up by armed supporters. Clan chiefs and might makes right. B 4700 BC C 4000 Many city states each one level of oligarchical government- not nation yet. Kings absolute autocrats, Human sacrifice common, D 3300 Mainly union of several smaller cities with major capital city into state nations - 2 IndistInct levels of government. King is God on Earth - Human sacrifice continued, particularly at his death. Cities are just a center of a farming area, 90% agrarian economy. B 2600 Several city stales under STRONG central national government. 2 DISTINCT levels - local and national. King is Ged & owns both land and peoule who work for his pleasure. Human sacrifice ending, and rare. Economy slanted 10 please PharaohILugal etc. Agrarian economy - cities are just administrative centers for farming. F 1900 Early King of Kings mentality - 2 or 3 city state areas united into 9 nation, indistinct 3 level system. Main king claims to be god but no one believes ii any more - but they find it advantageous to pretend so to keep society working smoothly Secondary control of much land delegated to oligarchy example Nomarchs. Farm economy, city craftsmen. G 12OOBC Emperor- King of Kings, Empire of nations Indistinct three or four levels-l)Main "Emperor", 2)regional viceroy/governor- and 3) local city state Nomarch or County ruler with 4) town chiefs,1ocal authority in places -Free citizen individuals, King/Pharaoh/Emperor who owns most land delegates land use to level 2 or 3, but individuals have private personal property. King appointed by deity, and becomes one with gods on his death, King appoints oligarchy - king makes all laws is chief judge and executive officer. Nomarchs delegated as judges and executives. II 5OOBC Distinct 4 level government In feudal society(ie. abovc). Theory of Vote to decide issues (Democracy and Republic) - rather than fight. (Limited selection of citizen - voters). Elected leaders, by popularity. Private personal property even for slaves - land owned by "gentry" - - "judges" separated from combined legislative executive branch - farm city economic transition, craftsmen "cottage industry" diffused in society rustic quality. I 2OOAD End of Level 4, start of 5 Becoming too large for one Imperial governmental seat, Slave economyl mixed citizenry of free people and slaves, Kings or Emperors form two or more elite oligarchies separation of legislative (Senate) and -Executive branch; "State religion" controlled by those in power. - Government by elite oligarchy. Judicial system more or less independent of executive (at least in theory) but Imperial executives make many judicial decisions, national basis for trade economy I 9OOAD Trial by combat - Feudal society at least five distinct but changing layers of Emperor(1)IKings(2)/EarI(Count)(3)/Baron(4)/Lord(5)- Divine Right of Kings etc. to rule; birth major consideration, by the grace of God, and he does God's will. Magna Charta - bill of rights. - People power and government in theory for -good of and represents people - legislative separated from executive and judicial well separated, trial by Jury. Church and State begin separation. K 17OOAD-6 level Empire(6) of nations(S) made up of states(4) made up of counties(3) with major independent cities(2) in counties and (1) Local authorities in cities. The individual PEOPLE HAVE RIGHTS - law by delegation of "rights" - Separation of church and state" . Separate judicial, legislative and executive systems - "we the people" supreme in theory, equality, and democracy important. L 2400 AD =========================================================================== Political Progressions another look The historical progression of political form of government depends to some extent upon the size of the political unit. The family - extended family structure is - or should be -a benevolent dictatorship, with one clear leader, and a clear structured hierarchy of family members. The leader usually has been an adult male in his prime, who defers to the experience of older - past prime males, but in the end analysis it is his judgment that prevails. He is the "breadwinner" and as soon as he is no longer the prime breadwinner, then another male takes over. The tribe usually also is lead by the dominant male of the dominant family. Perhaps "chief" or clan chieftain is a good term. The small town usually has a "mayor", elected by consensus if nothing else, who keeps the several tribes within the town together. A larger unit may have a "lord, earl, baron", or other nobility that controls a larger area. These feudal leaders rule by control of military strength, and rarely by consensus, but they demand special status, "respect" and deference, and also demand an unfair or at least disproportionate share of the local wealth. This later give way to kings, and kingdoms who usually have one major city state, and several subservient smaller cities attached to the capital city. The "King of kings" title from Mesopotamia is a way of saying Emperor, or political domination of several city states. At this point the theory is delegation of rights downward, the people have what rights that they rulers grant them. People are "property" of the elite class. This changes to theory of delegation of rights upwards from the people, and thus democracy. But that then fails since the mob rule does not respect the individual rights, and thus a democracy where the majority rules give way to the republic where the rights of the individual are protected, and specifically the rights of the minority are protected from the majority. That then leads to the question of who protects us from ourselves? If the majority is not right, and I will just re ask "Can you name ANY case where the majority was right?" - then we return to rule by an elite but more ethical or at least more "juudicial" oligarchial elite group.
and lest we get too pompous and take ourselves too seriously, another side to politics, Remember always gild the philosophic pill, and there probably is more truth in a Joke than a church sermon.
Politicians and a baby’s diaper should be changed regularly, and for the same reason.
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